Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Spray a 9x13 inch pan with nonstick spray.
In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to combine the sugar and butter until well blended. Add the eggs and mix well.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the dry ingredients: flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, salt and cloves. In another bowl, combine the mashed strawberries, buttermilk and vanilla.
Add the flour mixture to the sugar mixture alternately with the strawberry mixture, beginning and ending with the flour mixture. Scrape the batter into the prepared pan.
Bake 30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean. Cool completely.
FROSTING
In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to combine the cream cheese and powdered sugar; beat until creamy. Add in the cream and vanilla; mix until it becomes a creamy spreadable texture.
Frost the cake. It will have a thick layer of frosting!
Arrange sliced strawberries on top. Cover and keep refrigerated until ready to serve. Let sit at room temperature for about 20 minutes before slicing and serving.
Notes
I've only tested this cake using Cup4Cup brand gluten-free flour, so I'm unable to recommend use of anything else.
Add a few drops of food coloring if you want your cake to have a pink hue.